The types of fault which go unreported when you aren't using the EDAC subsystem are often those which produce strange instability in systems (e.g. file corruption, random crashes etc) - these are amongst the most frustrating, and time-consuming problems for sysadmins to track down.
Differentiate between different types of fault.
Spot brand-new faulty hardware before it's put into service.
Spot failing memory modules before they go bad (replace at your leisure, not in a panic).
In a redundant cluster, or a system in which data integrity is critical, you can take a machine out of service before data corruption occurs.
Know which memory module or PCI card to replace (the alternative is trial-and-error component replacement).